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Friedrich Rückert (16 May 1788 – 31 January 1866) was a German poet, translator, and professor of Oriental languages. ==Biography== Rückert was born at Schweinfurt and was the eldest son of a lawyer. He was educated at the local ''Gymnasium'' and at the universities of Würzburg and Heidelberg. From 1816–1817, he worked on the editorial staff of the ''Morgenblatt'' at Stuttgart. Nearly the whole of the year 1818 he spent in Rome, and afterwards he lived for several years at Coburg (1820–1826). He was appointed a professor of Oriental languages at the University of Erlangen in 1826, and, in 1841, he was called to a similar position in Berlin, where he was also made a privy councillor. In 1849 he resigned his professorship at Berlin, and went to live on his estate Neuses near Coburg. When Rückert began his literary career, Germany was engaged in her life-and-death struggle with Napoleon; and in his first volume, ''Deutsche Gedichte'' (''German Poems''), published in 1814 under the pseudonym Freimund Raimar, he gave, particularly in the powerful ''Geharnischte Sonette'' (''Sonnets in Arms/Harsh Words''), vigorous expression to the prevailing sentiment of his countrymen. During 1815 to 1818 appeared ''Napoleon, eine politische Komödie in drei Stücken'' (''Napoleon, a Political Comedy in Three Parts'') of which only two parts were published; and in 1817 ''Der Kranz der Zeit'' (''The Wreath of Time''). He issued a collection of poems, ''Östliche Rosen'' (''Eastern Roses''), in 1822; and from 1834 to 1838 his ''Gesammelte Gedichte'' (''Collected Poems'') were published in six volumes, a selection which has passed through many editions. Rückert was master of thirty languages and made his mark chiefly as a translator of Oriental poetry and as a writer of poems conceived in the spirit of Oriental masters. Much attention was attracted by a translation of the maqamat of Al-Hariri of Basra (''Hariris Makamen'') in 1826, ''Nal und Damajanti'', an Indian tale, in 1828, ''Rostem und Suhrab, eine Heldengeschichte'' (''Rostem and Suhrab, a Story of Heroes'') in 1830, and ''Hamasa, oder die ältesten arabischen Volkslieder'' (''Hamasa, or the Oldest Arabian Folk Songs'') in 1846. Among his original writings dealing with Oriental subjects are: *''Morgenländische Sagen und Geschichten'' (''Oriental Myths and Poems'') (1837) *''Erbauliches und Beschauliches aus dem Morgenland'' (''Establishments and Contemplations from the Orient'') (1836–1838) *''Brahmanische Erzählungen'' (''Brahmin Stories'') (1839). The most elaborate of his works is ''Die Weisheit des Brahmanen'' (''The Wisdom of the Brahmins''), published in six volumes from 1836 to 1839. The former and ''Liebesfrühling'' (''Spring of Love'') (1844), a cycle of love-songs, are the best known of all Rückert's productions. From 1843 to 1845 he issued the dramas ''Saul und David'' (1843), ''Herodes der Große'' ("Herodes the Great") (1844), ''Kaiser Heinrich IV'' (1845) and ''Christofero Colombo'' (1845), all of which are greatly inferior to the work to which he owes his place in German literature. At the time of the Danish war in 1864 he wrote ''Ein Dutzend Kampflieder für Schleswig-Holstein'' (''A Dozen Fight Songs for Schleswig-Holstein''), which, although published anonymously, made considerable impression on audiences. Rückert died in 1866 in Neuses, now part of Coburg. After his death many poetical translations and original poems were found among his papers, and several collections of them were published. Rückert had a splendour of imagination which made Oriental poetry congenial to him, and he has seldom been surpassed in rhythmic skill and metrical ingenuity. There are hardly any lyrical forms which are not represented among his works, and in all of them he wrote with equal ease and grace. He continues to exert a strong influence on Oriental studies in Germany (c.f. Annemarie Schimmel). Rückert's poetry was a powerful inspiration to composers and there are about 121 settings of his work — behind only Goethe, Heine and Rilke in this respect. Among the composers who set his poetry to music are Schubert, Robert and Clara Schumann, Brahms, Josef Rheinberger, Mahler (song cycles ''Kindertotenlieder'', ''Rückert-Lieder''), Max Reger, Richard Strauss, Zemlinsky, Hindemith, Bartók, Berg, Hugo Wolf and Heinrich Kaspar Schmid. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Friedrich Rückert」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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